Nanotechnology: Principles and Applications

Abstract

Nanotechnology is one of the leading scientific fields today since it combines knowledge from the fields of
Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, Informatics, and Engineering. It is an emerging technological field with great
potential to lead in great breakthroughs that can be applied in real life. Novel Nano and biomaterials, and Nano devices
are fabricated and controlled by nanotechnology tools and techniques, which investigate and tune the properties,
responses, and functions of living and non-living matter, at sizes below100 nm. The application and use of
nanomaterial’s in electronic and mechanical devices, in optical and magnetic components, quantum computing, tissue
engineering, and other biotechnologies, with smallest features, widths well below 100 nm, are the economically most
important parts of the nanotechnology nowadays and presumably in the near future. The number of Nano products is
rapidly growing since more and more Nano engineered materials are reaching the global market The continuous
revolution in nanotechnology will result in the fabrication of nanomaterial with properties and functionalities which are
going to have positive changes in the lives of our citizens, be it in health, environment, electronics or any other field. In
the energy generation challenge where the conventional fuel resources cannot remain the dominant energy source, taking
into account the increasing consumption demand and the CO2 emissions alternative renewable energy sources based on
new technologies have to be promoted. Innovative solar cell technologies that utilize nanostructured materials and
composite systems such as organic photovoltaic offer great technological potential due to their attractive properties such
as the potential of large-scale and low-cost roll-to-roll manufacturing processes The advances in nanomaterial’s
necessitate parallel progress of the Nano metrology tools and techniques to characterize and manipulate nanostructures.
Revolutionary new approaches in Nano metrology